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Diagnosing Noncancerous (Benign) Breast Conditions How are benign breast conditions and infections diagnosed? To diagnose a breast condition, your healthcare provider will take your complete health history. Your provider may also: Do a complete physical exam to: Locate any lump

Smoking and Pregnancy The risks involved with smoking during pregnancy Fewer women are smoking during their pregnancy now than in the past. But many women still smoke. Even if a pregnant woman doesn't smoke, she may be exposed to secondhand smoke at home, at work, or in social

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Multiple Pregnancy What are the symptoms of multiple pregnancy? Each woman may have slightly different symptoms. But the most common symptoms of multiple pregnancy are: Uterus is larger than expected for the dates in pregnancy More morning sickness

Allergens: Animals What is an animal allergen? Allergens found in animals are a common cause of allergic reactions. They are caused by the proteins found in an animal's: Skin (dander) Saliva Urine Household pets such as cats and dogs are the most common sources of animal

Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed? Newborns are screened for cystic fibrosis (CF) as part of each state's newborn screening program. If the results are positive, it does not mean your baby has cystic fibrosis. More tests are done as described below. In

Cold vs. Allergy in Children: How to Tell the Difference Colds are infections of the upper respiratory tract (sinuses, nasal passages, throat, and larynx). They are caused by several different viruses. They are spread by: Touching a person with a cold, such as shaking hands, and

Preventing Sports Injuries Exercise is good for the body. And with the correct safety steps, sports injuries can often be prevented. The quality of protective equipment—padding, helmets, shoes, mouth guards—has helped to improve safety in sports. But you can still be at risk of

Hypnosis What is hypnosis? Hypnosis (hypnotherapy), like sleep, puts the mind in an altered, relaxed state. Under hypnosis, the mind can still reach memories, sensations, and other thoughts. Hypnosis is often used for things such as breaking bad habits, controlling pain, and

Cystic Fibrosis and the Digestive System How does CF affect the digestive system? Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a protein in their cells that doesn't work right. The protein is called CFTR (the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator). CFTR controls the flow of water

Trinucleotide Repeats: Fragile X Syndrome What are trinucleotide repeats? DNA is the chemical that makes up your genes. It contains a "code" of 3-letter words known as codons or trinucleotides. Many genes normally contain trinucleotide sequences that repeat. These are called