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Speech Sound Disorders in Children What are speech sound disorders in children? It’s normal for young children learning language skills to have some trouble saying words the right way. That’s part of the learning process. Their speech skills develop over time. They master certain

Phenylketonuria (PKU) in Children What is phenylketonuria (PKU) in children? Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic disorder. Children with PKU can’t process an amino acid called phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is in many common foods. It helps the body make protein. It's also

Blood Clotting Disorders in Children What are blood-clotting disorders in children? Blood-clotting disorders are a group of conditions in which there is too much clotting. Blood clotting is a normal process. It stops you from bleeding too much when you have a cut or injury. Blood

Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy What is neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy? Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain damage. It’s caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain before or shortly after birth. It affects the central nervous system. Babies

Graves Disease in Children What is Graves disease in children? Graves disease is an autoimmune disease. The immune system normally protects the body from infection and disease with proteins called antibodies. But with an autoimmune disease, the antibodies attack the body's own

Short Bowel Syndrome in Children What is short bowel syndrome in children? Short bowel syndrome is when the body has trouble absorbing nutrients from food because of a problem with the small intestine. It often happens to children who have had a large part of their small

Open Neural Tube Defects (ONTDs) in Children What are open neural tube defects in children? Open neural tube defects (ONTDs) are problems with the way the brain, spinal cord, or spine forms while a baby is growing in the pregnant person’s uterus. These problems occur in about 1

Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy in Children What is FSHD in children? Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a rare genetic muscle disease that affects the muscles of your child’s face, shoulders, upper arms, and lower legs. These muscles weaken and shrink

Dyskeratosis Congenita in Children What is dyskeratosis congenita in children? Dyskeratosis congenita is a congenital disease. This means it's present at birth. It's a very rare condition. It affects the skin and nails. In its most severe form, it causes bone marrow failure. When

Imperforate Anus in Children What is imperforate anus in children? Imperforate anus is a problem that your child is born with. It happens when your child has a blocked or missing anus. The final part of the digestive tract is the rectum. The rectum collects and compacts the solid