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Retinopathy of Prematurity What is retinopathy of prematurity? Retinopathy of prematurity is an eye problem that can happen to premature babies. The retina lines the back of the eye. It receives light as it comes through the pupil. From there, the optic nerve sends signals to the

Common Tests During Pregnancy These are some of the more common tests done during pregnancy. First trimester prenatal screening tests First trimester screening is a combination of fetal ultrasound and maternal blood testing. It can help find out the risk that the fetus has

Anatomy and Function of the Heart Valves What are heart valves? The heart has four chambers: two upper chambers (atria) and two lower chambers (ventricles). Blood passes through a valve before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood

Understanding Risks of a Multiple Pregnancy Why is a multiple pregnancy a concern? A multiple pregnancy means being pregnant with more than one baby. It is often a happy event for many couples. But multiple pregnancy has higher risks for complications. The most common problems

Kidney Transplantation in Children What is a kidney transplant? A kidney transplant is surgery to place a healthy kidney from another person into someone with severe kidney problems. The healthy kidney may come from 2 types of donors: Deceased donor. This is an organ donor who

Kyphosis in Children What is kyphosis in children? Kyphosis is a deformity of the backbone (spine). It’s when the bones of the spine (vertebrae) in the upper back curve outward more than they should. A child with kyphosis has a back that is abnormally rounded or humpback. The

Achalasia in Children What is achalasia in a child? Achalasia is a rare disease that makes it hard to swallow foods and liquids. In achalasia, there is a problem with the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach (esophagus). The muscles that make the esophagus

Lactose Intolerance in Children What is lactose intolerance in children? Lactose intolerance is when the body can’t easily break down or digest lactose. Lactose is a sugar found in milk and milk products. If your child is lactose intolerant, your child may have unpleasant

Understanding Your Child's Lymphatic System What is the lymphatic system? The lymphatic system is a part of the body’s immune system. It works to fight disease and infection. The lymphatic system goes through many changes during a child's growth. Before birth, a baby is protected

Skin Self-Exam Skin cancer can be treated with more success if it’s found early. The way to find skin cancer early is with regular skin exams. This means having a healthcare provider check your skin. And it also means checking your skin at home regularly. Getting regular skin