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About Cancer Clinical Trials What are cancer clinical trials? Cancer clinical trials are research studies with people. They may be done by government agencies, educational organizations, private not-for-profit groups, or commercial businesses. Trials are used to check how safe

Growth Problems in Children What are growth problems in children? A growth problem means that a child falls either below or above the average range of growth for a child's age, sex, family history, or racial background. What causes growth problems in a child? Growth disorders can

Claudication What is claudication? Claudication is pain in your thigh, calf, or buttocks that happens when you walk. It can make you limp. It may be a symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD). This means that narrowed or blocked arteries have reduced the blood flow to your legs

Macrocephaly in Children What is macrocephaly in a child? Macrocephaly means large head size. In a child, it means when their head is measured, the results are higher than average on a standard growth chart. There are many reasons a baby or child may have a large head size. It

Exercise-Related Heat Exhaustion Heat-related illness can affect you as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heatstroke. This article is about heat exhaustion caused by hard exercise or strenuous work in a hot environment. What is exercise-related heat exhaustion? Exercise-related

Pulmonary Stenosis in Children What is pulmonary stenosis in children? Pulmonary stenosis is a birth defect of the heart (congenital). It can happen when the pulmonary valve doesn’t grow as it should in a baby during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. The pulmonary valve connects

Color Blindness What is color blindness? Color blindness is when you see colors differently than most people do. The retina is the light-sensitive lining in the back part of your eye. It sends visual information to your brain. Your retina has special cells that detect color

Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Children What is spinal muscular atrophy in children? Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disease of the nerves and muscles caused by certain genes. It affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord. It causes muscle wasting and weakness. What causes

Microcephaly in Children What is microcephaly in children? Gender words are used here to talk about anatomy and health risk. Use this information in a way that works best for you and your doctor as you talk about your care. Microcephaly is a condition where a baby's head is much

Coarctation of the Aorta (COA) in Children What is coarctation of the aorta in children? Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is a heart defect that is present at birth (congenital). It means that the aorta is narrower than it should be. The aorta is the large artery that carries