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Ureterocele and Ureteral Duplication in Children What is a ureterocele and ureteral duplication in children? A ureterocele is a problem with a ureter. The ureter is a tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. There is 1 ureter for each kidney. The ureters send urine from the

Phobias in Children What are phobias in children? A phobia is an excessive fear of a certain object or situation. It’s a fear that lasts for at least 6 months. It is a type of anxiety disorder. These are some different types of phobias: Specific phobia. A child has anxiety when

Occupational Lung Diseases What are work-related lung diseases? Work-related lung diseases are lung problems that are caused by certain work environments. They are caused by breathing materials into the lungs. These lung diseases may have lasting effects, even after the exposure

Endometriosis What is endometriosis? The tissue that lines the uterus is called the endometrium. Normally, if a woman doesn’t get pregnant, this tissue is shed each month during her period. In endometriosis, tissue that looks and acts like endometrial tissue implants outside the

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) in Children What is SCID in children? SCID is a very rare disease. It causes a child to have a very weak immune system (immunodeficiency). As a result, the child is unable to fight off even mild infections. The disease is also known as the

Atopic Dermatitis What is atopic dermatitis? Atopic dermatitis is a long-term (chronic) skin disorder. It causes dry, itchy, scaly patches. These are often on the face and the head in babies. It’s most common in infants or very young children. Most will show signs of the

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) What is tetralogy of Fallot? Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a set of 4 congenital heart defects that happen together. Tetralogy refers to the number 4. Congenital means that a baby is born with them. The set of 4 defects are: Narrowing (stenosis) of the

Growth Problems in Children What are growth problems in children? A growth problem means that a child falls either below or above the average range of growth for a child's age, sex, family history, or racial background. What causes growth problems in a child? Growth disorders can

Phenylketonuria (PKU) in Children What is phenylketonuria (PKU) in children? Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic disorder. Children with PKU can’t process an amino acid called phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is in many common foods. It helps the body make protein. It's also

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) in Children What is myasthenia gravis in children? Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disorder that causes weakness in muscles around the body. This happens because antibodies destroy some of the places where nerves and muscles meet (neuromuscular connections). MG