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Exstrophy of the Bladder and Epispadias in Children What is exstrophy of the bladder and epispadias in children? Exstrophy of the bladder is when a baby’s bladder has grown inside out. It sticks through the wall of the belly (abdomen). The bladder can be seen in the front of the

Juvenile Dermatomyositis What is juvenile dermatomyositis? Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare disease that causes muscle inflammation and a skin rash. It's different from other muscle diseases because it also causes skin problems. Symptoms often first appear in children

Omphalocele What is an omphalocele? An omphalocele is a birth defect. It happens when your baby is forming during pregnancy. In this condition, some of your baby’s abdominal organs poke out (protrude) from the belly through the belly button (umbilicus). A clear (translucent)

Stridor in Children What is stridor in children? Stridor is a noisy or high-pitched sound with breathing. It's a sign that the upper airway is partially blocked. It may involve the nose, mouth, throat, voice box (larynx), or windpipe (trachea). What causes stridor in a child

Kyphosis in Children What is kyphosis in children? Kyphosis is a deformity of the backbone (spine). It’s when the bones of the spine (vertebrae) in the upper back curve outward more than they should. A child with kyphosis has a back that is abnormally rounded or humpback. The

Megaloblastic Anemia in Children What is megaloblastic anemia in children? Anemia is a problem in which there are not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. In megaloblastic anemia, the bone marrow

Alpha Thalassemia in Children What is alpha thalassemia in children? Alpha thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder. This means it is passed down through the parent’s genes. It may cause anemia in their children. Anemia is low numbers of red blood cells or low hemoglobin level

Sepsis in the Newborn What is newborn sepsis? Newborn sepsis is a severe infection in an infant younger than 28 days old. The infection is in your baby’s blood. But it may affect any body system or the whole body. What causes newborn sepsis? Newborn sepsis is most often caused by

Hemifacial Microsomia (HFM) in Children What is hemifacial microsomia in children? Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital problem. This means that your child is born with it. In this condition, one side of your baby’s face is underdeveloped. (Hemi means half). HFM usually

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) What is toxic shock syndrome? Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an illness that produces symptoms in many systems of the body. Certain bacterial infections release toxins into the bloodstream. These toxins can spread to many body organs. This can cause