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Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia) in Children What is tongue-tie in children? Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) is a problem with the tongue that is present from birth. It causes speech and eating problems in some children. The lingual frenulum of the tongue is a small fold of tissue that

Bacterial Endocarditis in Children What is bacterial endocarditis in children? Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium), or the heart valves. It doesn't occur in children very often. But when it does, it can cause serious heart damage

Septic Arthritis (Infectious Arthritis) in Children What is septic arthritis in children? Septic arthritis is an infection in the joint fluid (synovial fluid) and joint tissues. It occurs more often in children than in adults. The infection usually reaches the joints through the

Hyperparathyroidism in Children What is hyperparathyroidism in children? Hyperparathyroidism is when the parathyroid glands make too much parathyroid hormone. The condition is rare in children. The parathyroid glands are 4 tiny glands located on the back of the thyroid. The

Congenital Hypothyroidism in Children What is congenital hypothyroidism? When the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone, it's called hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism is when the disorder is present in a baby at birth. If not treated, it can lead to serious

Cataracts in Children What are cataracts in children? A cataract is a clouding of the eye's lens. The lens is normally clear (transparent). Cataracts keep light rays from passing through the lens and focusing on the retina. The retina is the thin layer of nerve tissue that lines

Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) in Teens What are menstrual cramps in teens? Menstrual cramps are severe, painful cramps that occur during a period. There are two types: Primary. This type starts soon after the first menstrual period. It's usually lifelong. But it may get better

Fluency Disorder What is a fluency disorder? Having a fluency disorder means you have trouble speaking in a fluid or flowing way. You may say the whole word or parts of the word more than once. Or you may pause awkwardly between words. This is called stuttering. You may speak

Urethral Stricture Disease What is urethral stricture disease? Gendered terms are used here to talk about anatomy and health risk. Please use this information in a way that works best for you and your provider as you talk about your care. The urethra is the tube that carries

Ascites What is ascites? Ascites is a condition that happens when fluid collects in spaces in your belly (abdomen). If severe, it may be painful. The problem may keep you from moving around comfortably. It can set the stage for an infection in your abdomen. Fluid may also move