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Ewing Sarcoma in Children What is Ewing sarcoma in children? Ewing sarcoma is a rare type of cancer. It can affect a person of any age but it’s most common between ages 10 and 20. It often grows in bone, but it can also grow in soft tissue that’s connected to the bone. This may

Sickle Cell Disease in Children What is sickle cell disease in children? Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a blood disorder that a child is born with. It's passed down through a parent’s genes. Children with SCD make an abnormal type of hemoglobin. This is the protein in red blood

Spina Bifida in Children What is spina bifida in children? Spina bifida is a condition present at birth (birth defect) when there are problems with the spine, spinal cord, and the surrounding nerves. It can cause part of the spinal cord and areas around it to form outside of the

Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children What is Hodgkin lymphoma in children? Hodgkin lymphoma is also called Hodgkin disease. It's a type of cancer that starts in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It helps to fight diseases and infections. The

Head Injury in Children What is a head injury in children? A head injury is any kind of damage to the scalp, skull, brain, or other tissue and blood vessels in the head. A head injury is also often called a brain injury or traumatic brain injury (TBI), depending on the extent of

Chemotherapy for Children What is chemotherapy for a child? Chemotherapy (chemo) is the use of medicines to treat cancer or kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy has been used for many years. It’s one of the most common treatments for many types of cancer. The groups of cancer therapy

Speech Sound Disorders in Children What are speech sound disorders in children? It’s normal for young children learning language skills to have some trouble saying words the right way. That’s part of the learning process. Their speech skills develop over time. They master certain

Kidney Transplantation in Children What is a kidney transplant? A kidney transplant is surgery to place a healthy kidney from another person into someone with severe kidney problems. The healthy kidney may come from 2 types of donors: Deceased donor. This is an organ donor who

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) in Children What is vesicoureteral reflux in children? Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition where urine in the bladder flows in the wrong direction. It goes up into the tubes (ureters) that lead to the kidneys. It often flows all the way back up

Exstrophy of the Bladder and Epispadias in Children What is exstrophy of the bladder and epispadias in children? Exstrophy of the bladder is when a baby’s bladder has grown inside out. It sticks through the wall of the belly (abdomen). The bladder can be seen in the front of the