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Adenovirus Infection in Children What is an adenovirus infection in children? Adenoviruses are a group of viruses that cause a variety of infections, such as: Respiratory illness, such as a cold. Infection of the eye (conjunctivitis, also called pink eye). Croup. Bronchiolitis

Stroke in Children What is stroke in children? A stroke is a brain injury. It occurs when blood flow is interrupted to part of the brain. Stroke can be caused by a blocked blood vessel (ischemic stroke). Or it can be caused by bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). The brain

Gestational Diabetes What is gestational diabetes? Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that happens during pregnancy. Unlike type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes is not caused by having too little insulin. Instead, hormones made by your placenta keep your body from using

Appendicitis What is appendicitis? Appendicitis is a medical emergency. It happens when your appendix becomes sore, swollen, and diseased. The appendix is a thin tube that is joined to the large intestine. It sits in the lower right part of your belly (abdomen). The appendix is a

Helicobacter Pylori in Children What is H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) in children? H. pylori is a spiral-shaped germ (bacteria) that infects the stomach. It can damage the tissue in your child's stomach and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). This can cause

Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia What are tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia? Tracheoesophageal fistula Tracheoesophageal fistula is a connection between the esophagus and the trachea. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach

Coarctation of the Aorta (COA) in Children What is coarctation of the aorta in children? Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is a heart defect that is present at birth (congenital). It means that the aorta is narrower than it should be. The aorta is the large artery that carries

Pulmonary Stenosis in Children What is pulmonary stenosis in children? Pulmonary stenosis is a birth defect of the heart (congenital). It can happen when the pulmonary valve doesn’t grow as it should in a baby during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. The pulmonary valve connects

Glomerulonephritis in Children What is glomerulonephritis in children? The kidneys contain many coils of tiny blood vessels. Each of these is called a glomerulus. Glomeruli filter substances from the blood into the urine. Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease where these

Inguinal and Umbilical Hernias in Children What are hernias in children? A hernia occurs when a part of the intestine or other tissue pushes through an opening in the belly (abdominal) muscles. The hernia creates a soft lump or bulge under the skin. In children, a hernia often