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Congenital Liver Defects What are congenital liver defects? Congenital liver defects are liver disorders that are present at birth. They are rare. These liver disorders usually block the bile ducts. This affects the flow of bile. Bile is a fluid made in the liver. It helps with

Inguinal Hernia What is an inguinal hernia? An inguinal hernia occurs when part of your intestine pushes through a weak spot in your lower belly (abdominal) wall. This area is called the groin. The hernia creates a lump in your groin. Over time, the hernia may get bigger. Most

Sjögren Syndrome What is Sjögren syndrome? Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder. This means that the body’s own immune system attacks its own healthy cells and tissues by mistake. In this case, it attacks the glands that make moisture. It commonly causes dry skin, dry eyes

Male Infertility What is male infertility? Gender words are used here to talk about anatomy and health risk. Please use this information in a way that works best for you and your doctor as you talk about your care. Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system. It makes a

Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) What is dementia with Lewy bodies? Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a form of progressive dementia. It's caused by the decay of the tissues in the brain. People with DLB have a buildup of abnormal protein particles in their brain tissue, called

Substance Use Disorder or Dependence What is substance use disorder or dependence? Substance use disorder (SUD) Substance use disorder (SUD) is a recognized health condition. It refers to the use of illegal or legal substances in a harmful way. Alcohol is the most commonly used

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) in Children What is vesicoureteral reflux in children? Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine in the bladder flows in the wrong direction. It goes up into the tubes (ureters) that lead to the kidneys. It often flows all the way back

Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis What is cirrhosis? Cirrhosis is when scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. This stops the liver from working normally. Cirrhosis is a long-term (chronic) liver disease. The damage to your liver builds up over time. The liver is your body's

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) in Children What is hypoplastic left heart syndrome in children? Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a group of defects of the heart and large blood vessels. A child is born with this condition (congenital heart defect). It occurs when

Hypoglycemia in Children What is hypoglycemia in children? Hypoglycemia is when the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood is too low. People often call it "low blood sugar." Glucose is the main source of fuel for the brain and the body. The normal range of blood glucose is about