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Topic Index - Ear, Nose, and Throat Ear, Nose, & Throat Home Ear Disorders Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear Common Childhood External Ear Problems Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear) Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose, and Airway Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection) Mastoiditis Hearing

Stridor in Children What is stridor in children? Stridor is a noisy or high-pitched sound with breathing. It's a sign that the upper airway is partially blocked. It may involve the nose, mouth, throat, voice box (larynx), or windpipe (trachea). What causes stridor in a child

Marfan Syndrome in Children What is Marfan syndrome in children? Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissue. Connective tissue holds the body's cells, organs, and other tissue together. Connective tissue is also important in growth and

Congenital Hypothyroidism in Children What is congenital hypothyroidism? When the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone, it's called hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism is when the disorder is present in a baby at birth. If not treated, it can lead to serious

Undescended Testes in Children What are undescended testes in children? Undescended testes means that 1 or both of the male testes have not passed down (descended) into the scrotal sac. This is a condition seen in some newborn baby boys. Most cases affect only 1 teste. About 1 in

Dialysis in Children What is dialysis? Dialysis is a procedure that is done routinely on people who have acute or chronic kidney (renal) failure. It filters waste and extra fluid from the blood. That is something that would normally be done by the kidneys. Dialysis may also be

Exstrophy of the Bladder and Epispadias in Children What is exstrophy of the bladder and epispadias in children? Exstrophy of the bladder is when a baby’s bladder has grown inside out. It sticks through the wall of the belly (abdomen). The bladder can be seen in the front of the

Polycystic Kidney Disease What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)? Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a rare genetic disorder. It causes many cysts filled with fluid to grow in the kidneys. PKD cysts can impair how the kidneys work. It can lead to kidney failure. PKD is the

Discomforts and Complications After a Child Has Surgery What are common discomforts after surgery? The amount of discomfort after surgery depends on the type of surgery done. Some typical discomforts include: Nausea and vomiting from general anesthesia Soreness in the throat

Tibial Torsion in Children What is tibial torsion in children? Tibial torsion is an inward twisting of the shinbones. These bones are located between the knee and the ankle. Tibial torsion causes a child’s feet to turn inward. The child may look pigeon-toed (intoeing). It is