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Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Children What is spinal muscular atrophy in children? Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disease of the nerves and muscles caused by certain genes. It affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord. It causes muscle wasting and weakness. What causes

Tuberculosis (TB) in Children What is tuberculosis in children? Tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing (chronic) infection caused by bacteria. It usually infects the lungs. But other organs such as the kidneys, spine, or brain may be affected. TB is most often spread through droplets

Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children What is gastroesophageal reflux in children? Gastroesophageal refers to the stomach and esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Reflux means to flow back or return. Reflux happens because the lower

Sepsis in the Newborn What is newborn sepsis? Newborn sepsis is a severe infection in an infant younger than 28 days old. The infection is in your baby’s blood. But it may affect any body system or the whole body. What causes newborn sepsis? Newborn sepsis is most often caused by

Candidiasis in Children What is candidiasis in children? Candidiasis is an infection caused by yeast called Candida. Candida normally causes no harm, and is found on the skin, vaginal area, and digestive system. But in some cases, it can overgrow. This can cause a rash, itching

Molluscum Contagiosum in Children What is molluscum contagiosum in children? Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin disease that causes small pink or skin-colored bumps on your child’s skin. It is not harmful and usually does not have any other symptoms. The virus is inside the

Benign Skin Growths in Children What are benign skin growths? Children may have many types of skin growths. The vast majority of growths in children are benign. This means they are not cancer. Growths may be caused by genetics, injuries, sun exposure, or other reasons. What are

Trinucleotide Repeats: Fragile X Syndrome What are trinucleotide repeats? DNA is the chemical that makes up your genes. It contains a "code" of 3-letter words known as codons or trinucleotides. Many genes normally contain trinucleotide sequences that repeat. These are called

Scabies in Children What is scabies in children? Scabies are tiny mites on the skin. They cause a small red rash and intense itching. This infection is very contagious. It often spreads from child to child while children are sleeping together in the same bed or have close

Skin Cancer in Children What is skin cancer in children? Skin cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the skin. It can spread to and damage nearby tissue. Over time, it can spread to other parts of the body. Skin cancer is very rare in children. What causes skin