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Topic Index - Ear, Nose, and Throat Ear, Nose, & Throat Home Ear Disorders Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear Common Childhood External Ear Problems Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear) Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose, and Airway Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection) Mastoiditis Hearing

Syncope in Children What is syncope in children? Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness and muscle tone (or posture) that can occur when not enough blood gets to the brain. Syncope is commonly called fainting. In most children, it’s usually harmless. But in a few children

Tricuspid Atresia What is tricuspid atresia? Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a heart defect present at birth (congenital). It occurs when the tricuspid valve doesn’t form, or only partly forms. Normally the tricuspid valve is located between the right upper chamber (atrium) and the

Ulcerative Colitis in Children What is ulcerative colitis in children? Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this condition, the inner lining of your child’s large intestine (colon or bowel) and rectum gets inflamed. This inflammation often starts in the

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)? Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital heart defect. This means that your child is born with it. It happens as the baby’s heart develops during the

Stomach and Duodenal Ulcers in Children What is a stomach or duodenal ulcer in children? An ulcer is an open sore (lesion). It’s normally found on the skin or mucous membranes. A peptic ulcer is in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum)

Thyroid Conditions Click on the links below to learn more about these topics. Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Postpartum Thyroiditis© 2000-2025 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always

Medical Genetics: Types of Genetic Changes The human body has about 20,000 different genes in each cell. Genes are located on chromosomes, which are stick-shaped structures in the middle of the cell (nucleus). Each cell usually has 46 chromosomes grouped in 23 pairs. Each gene

Failure to Thrive (FTT) in Children What is failure to thrive in children? Failure to thrive (FTT) is slow physical development in a baby or child. It’s caused by a baby or child not having enough nutrition. FTT is a clinical observation, not a diagnosis. It is used to describe a

Vision Problems in Children Vision problems that may affect your child Eye disorders that affect vision can be divided into refractive and non-refractive errors. Refractive errors. These eye disorders cause blurred vision. They occur because the shape of the eye does not focus