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Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children What is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children? ITP is a blood disorder that causes a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. Platelets help stop bleeding. So a decrease in platelets can result in easy bruising

Hemolytic Anemia in Children What is hemolytic anemia in children? Hemolytic anemia is a group of disorders in which the red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can make them. The term for destruction of red blood cells is hemolysis. What causes hemolytic anemia

Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Children What is iron-deficiency anemia in children? Anemia is a common health problem in children. The most common cause of anemia is not getting enough iron. A child who's anemic doesn't have enough red blood cells or enough hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a

Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis in Children What are pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children? Pharyngitis is redness, pain, and swelling of the throat (pharynx). Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils. The tonsils are a pair of tissue masses on both sides at the back of the

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) What is fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)? A baby born to a person who drinks alcohol during pregnancy can have many problems. This is called fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). FASD includes: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). This is

Scoliosis in Children What is scoliosis in children? Scoliosis is a deformity of the backbone (spine). It's when the spine has a side-to-side curve. The curve of the spine measures 10 degrees or more. A normal spine appears straight when looked at from behind. But a child with

Hemophilia What is hemophilia? Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder. People with hemophilia bleed easily because they don’t have enough of one of the clotting factors in their blood. Clotting factors are needed for blood to clot. Blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding

Diabetes During Pregnancy: Risks to the Baby What types of diabetes can happen in pregnancy? When a baby is born to a mother with diabetes, the baby is at risk for problems. People with diabetes have high levels of sugar in their blood (hyperglycemia). Over time, this can lead to

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) in Children What is Down syndrome in children? Down syndrome is a genetic problem. It is also called trisomy 21. It includes certain birth defects, learning problems, and facial features. A child with Down syndrome also may have heart defects and

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Children What is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children? RSV is a viral illness that causes symptoms such as trouble breathing. It's the most common cause of inflammation of the small airways in the lungs (bronchiolitis) and pneumonia