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Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) in Children What is Down syndrome in children? Down syndrome is a genetic disorder. It is also called trisomy 21. It includes certain birth defects, learning problems, and facial features. A child with Down syndrome also may have heart defects and

Head Injury in Children What is a head injury in children? A head injury is any kind of damage to the scalp, skull, brain, or other tissue and blood vessels in the head. A head injury is also often called a brain injury or traumatic brain injury (TBI), depending on the extent of

Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children What is autism spectrum disorder in children? Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a problem that affects a child’s nervous system and growth and development. It often shows up during a child’s first 3 years of life. Some children with ASD seem

Anatomy and Function of the Heart Valves What are heart valves? The heart has four chambers: two upper chambers (atria) and two lower chambers (ventricles). Blood passes through a valve before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Children What is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children? Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a type of behavior disorder. It's mostly diagnosed in childhood. Children with ODD show a pattern of uncooperative, defiant, and hostile